UTILIZATION OF MALACOFAUNA AT BEDUG CAVE DURING THE PREHISTORIC OCCUPATION IN THE EARLY HOLOCENE PEMANFAATAN MALACOFAUNA PADA HUNIAN PRASEJARAH DI SITUS GUA BEDUG PADA PARUH AWAL HOLOSEN

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Restu Budi Sulistiyo
Hari Wibowo

Abstract

This article discusses the use of shells in prehistoric occupation at Bedug Cave. Mollusk shell ecofacts are identified in more detail to provide an overview of human adaptation strategies to their environment. Identification of gastropods is carried out by observing their aperture, bodywhorl, the height of the spire and sculpture, and their colors. In bivalve shells, the structures observed were the hinges, the shape of the ventral, dorsal, anterior, and posterior valves, as well as sculpture on the surface of the shell. The results of the analysis shows that there is an anthropic factor in the accumulation of malacofauna data in Bedug Cave, with freshwater gastropods from the Pachychilidae family thought to be the main source of mollusk diet. Freshwater bivalves from the family Unionidae are also consumed. Large terrestrial gastropods also have the potential to be used as a food source, where the Camaenidae family is used as a substitute food source for Unionidae. These Malacofauna were found to have diverse habitats, from primary tropical forests, rivers, to estuaries and marine waters. Remains of these mollusk shells are associated with vertebrate fauna which are indicating the same past environment.


 


 


Artikel ini membahas pemanfaatan moluska di dalam penghunian prasejarah di Gua Bedug. Ekofak cangkang moluska diidentifikasi secara lebih detail sehingga memberikan gambaran strategi adaptasi manusia pendukung dengan lingkungannya. Identifikasi pada cangkang gastropoda dilakukan dengan mengamati struktur cangkang yang menunjukkan kekhasan tertentu, misal bentuk apertura, bodywhorl, tinggi-rendahnya spire, dan sculpture serta warna yang tersisa pada permukaan cangkang gastropoda. Pada cangkang bivalvia, struktur yang diamati adalah tipe engsel, bentuk katup bagian ventral, dorsal, anterior, dan posterior, serta sculpture pada permukaan cangkang. Hasil analisis menunjukkan adanya faktor antropik dalam akumulasi data malacofauna di Gua Bedug, dengan gastropoda air tawar dari famili Pachychilidae diperkirakan menjadi sumber diet moluska yang utama. Bivalvia air tawar dari famili Unionidae juga turut dikonsumsi. Gastropoda terestrial besar juga potensial untuk dijadikan sumber makanan, contohnya famili Camaenidae dijadikan sumber makanan pengganti Unionidae. Malacofauna yang ditemukan memiliki habitat yang beragam yaitu dari hutan tropis primer, sungai, estuari dan perairan laut. Sisa cangkang moluska ini ditemukan berasosiasi dengan sisa fauna vertebrata yang menunjukkan lingkungan masa lalu yang sama.

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