SUBSISTENCE OF CANIDAE FOR THE OCCUPANTS OF THE LEANG JARIE SITE, SIMBANG DISTRICT, MAROS REGENCY: A ZOOARCHEOLOGICAL STUDY SUBSISTENSI PENGHUNI SITUS LEANG JARIE KECAMATAN SIMBANG, KABUPATEN MAROS TERHADAP CANIDAE: STUDI ZOOARKEOLOGI
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Abstract
One of the strategies carried out by humans is manipulating the lives of several species of fauna or commonly called domestication. The reconstruction of human behavior for survival can be explained through zooarcheological studies. Zooarcheology aims to interpret the interactions that occur between humans and their environment seen through the remains of fauna at archaeological sites. The fauna that was first domesticated by humans was the dog. However, research related to the presence of dogs in South Sulawesi is still scarce. This research is here to specifically discuss the presence of dogs in South Sulawesi. The purpose of this study was to determine human treatment of dogs as one of the ingredients for fulfilling a diet at the Leang Jarie site. The method used is literature study and then identification and analysis are carried out; taxonomy, NISP, MNI, tafonomy, butchery tracks, and estimated age of individuals. The results of the study showed that the findings of dog bones at the Leang Jarie site influenced by domestication activities. 7 individual dogs with an average age of 1-3 years to 4-6 years of age were consumed by humans living at the Leang Jarie site by skinning and extracting the meat.
Salah satu strategi yang dilakukan manusia dalam kehidupan yakni memanipulasi kehidupan beberapa spesies fauna atau biasa disebut domestikasi. Rekonstruksi tingkah laku manusia untuk bertahan hidup dapat dijelaskan melalui studi zooarkeologi. Zooarkeologi bertujuan untuk menafsirkan interaksi yang terjadi antara manusia dengan lingkungannya yang dilihat melalui sisa-sisa fauna pada situs arkeologi. Adapun fauna yang didomestikasi pertama kali oleh manusia adalah anjing. Anjing menjadi salah satu fauna yang sangat berkaitan dengan kehadiran manusia. Namun, penelitian yang berkaitan dengan kehadiran anjing di Sulawesi Selatan masih langka. Oleh karena itu, penelitian ini hadir untuk membahas secara spesifik mengenai kehadiran anjing di Sulawesi Selatan. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui perlakuan manusia terhadap anjing sebagai salah satu bahan pemenuhan diet di situs Leang Jarie, Kecamatan Simbang, Kabupaten Maros. Metode yang digunakan yakni studi pustaka dan kemudian dilakukan identifikasi serta analisis; taksonomi, NISP (Number of Identified Specimen), MNI (Minimum Number of Individu), tafonomi, jejak penjagalan, dan estimasi usia individu. Adapun hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa temuan tulang anjing situs Leang Jarie telah dipengaruhi aktifitas domestikasi. Sebanyak tujuh individu anjing dengan rata-rata usia 1-3 tahun hingga usia 4-6 tahun (fase usia yang matang secara reproduksi) pernah dikonsumsi oleh manusia penghuni situs Leang Jarie dengan cara menguliti dan mengekstrak daging.
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